During their first two matches, Panama has adopted a dynamic approach depending on the phase of the game they are in.
From the rival goal kicks, Panama has stepped up to press aggressively in a 4-4-2 formation.
If the opponents have quality on the ball and have possession higher up the pitch, Panama’s high press falls into a medium block and they go from a 4-4-2 to a 5-3-2. Their goal is to make it difficult for teams to play through them.
As Croatia, in particular, became involved in the game, Panama adopted an even more defensive approach.
Their 5-3-2 became a 5-4-1, a shape they adopted with a deeper defensive line for much of the game.
So what does this mean for England?